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Courage Brewery
Courage Brewery was an English brewing company, founded by John Courage in London in 1787. Its beers, Courage Best (4% ABV), Directors (4.8% ABV) and Courage Imperial Russian Stout (10% ABV), are now brewed by Wells & Young's.
==History==
Courage & Co Ltd was started by John Courage at the Anchor Brewhouse in Horsleydown, Bermondsey in 1787. He was a Scottish shipping agent of French Huguenot descent. It became Courage & Donaldson in 1797. By 1888, it had been registered simply as Courage. In 1955, the company merged with Barclay, Perkins & Co Ltd (who were located at the nearby Anchor Brewery) to become Courage, Barclay & Co Ltd. Only five years later another merger with the Reading based Simonds' Brewery led to the name changing to Courage, Barclay, Simonds & Co Ltd. In the late 1960s, the group had assets of approximately £100m, and operated five breweries in London, Reading, Bristol, Plymouth and Newark-on-Trent. It owned some 5,000 licensed premises spread over the whole of Southern England, a large part of South Wales and an extensive area of the East Midlands and South Yorkshire. It was employing some 15,000 people and producing something like of beer annually. Its name was simplified to Courage Ltd in October 1970 and the company was taken over by the Imperial Tobacco Group Ltd two years later.
Its vast Worton Grange (later the Berkshire) brewery was opened on the Reading/Shinfield border in 1978. The Anchor Brewery closed in 1981 and all brewing was transferred to Reading. Imperial Tobacco was acquired by the Hanson Trust in 1986 and it sold off Courage to Elders IXL who were renamed the Foster's Brewing Group in 1990. The following year the Courage section of Foster's merged with the breweries of Grand Metropolitan. Its public houses were owned by a joint-company called Inntrepreneur Estates. Scottish & Newcastle purchased Courage from Foster's in 1995, creating Scottish Courage as its brewing arm.
In January 2007, the rights for the production, marketing and sales of the Courage brands were sold to Wells & Young’s Brewing Company of Bedford. This is managed by a venture called Courage Brands Ltd〔(Wells and Youngs Buy Courage Brands - Wells & Young's Brewing Company Ltd - www.wellsandyoungs.co.uk )〕 Heineken retained a 17 per cent stake in the venture until 2011, when Wells & Young's acquired complete control. The Berkshire Brewery closed in April 2010. Courage Best has undergone a significant decline in sales from almost 421,000 hectolitres in 2003 to under 142,000 hectolitres in 2012.〔Alcoholic Drinks: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics〕 The decline of Courage Directors has levelled off at around 60,000 hectolitres, which is down from 140,000 hl in 2003.〔 Wells & Young's recently announced that it has reintroduced the historic brew, Courage Imperial Russian Stout, which was first brewed in the 18th century by Thrale's brewery.〔(Courage Imperial Russian Stout Launched | News | Wells and Young's Brewing Company )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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